Docker笔记第一天
最新的 Centos7 安装 Docker 19.03.11,本文基于Centos7安装测试，务必保持环境一致
安装Docker
环境查看
# 1.查看内核
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# uname -r
3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
# 2.查看系统版本
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
安装
# 1.卸载旧的版本
yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
# 2.需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils
# 3.设置阿里云安装镜像
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 4.安装docker
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 5.启动docker
systemctl start docker
# 6.查看docker版本
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 19.03.11
API version: 1.40
Go version: go1.13.10
Git commit: 42e35e61f3
Built: Mon Jun 1 09:13:48 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 19.03.11
API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.13.10
Git commit: 42e35e61f3
Built: Mon Jun 1 09:12:26 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.2.13
GitCommit: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc10
GitCommit: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
docker-init:
Version: 0.18.0
GitCommit: fec3683
镜像加速
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json #修改配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# more /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
"https://registry.docker-cn.com"
]
}
#重启服务生效
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
# 7.hello world
docker run hello-world
# 8 查看docker镜像
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB
卸载
# 1.卸载依赖
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 2.删除资源
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
常用命令
docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息 包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令
镜像命令
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
-a, --all #列出所有的镜像
-q, --quiet #只列出镜像的ID
docker search 搜索镜像
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker search java
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
node Node.js is a JavaScript-based platform for s… 8940 [OK]
tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati… 2756 [OK]
#可选项 通过搜藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像STARS大于3000的
[root@localhost /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9645 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3506 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写tag 默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Pull complete #分层下载 docker image的核心 联合文件系统
d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete
c2344adc4858: Pull complete
fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete
16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete
b905d1797e97: Pull complete
4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete
c75914a65ca2: Pull complete
1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete
453ac13c00a3: Pull complete
9e680cd72f08: Pull complete
a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
#指定版本下载
[root@localhost /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Already exists
d51ce1c2e575: Already exists
c2344adc4858: Already exists
fcf3ceff18fc: Already exists
16da0c38dc5b: Already exists
b905d1797e97: Already exists
4b50d1c6b05c: Already exists
d85174a87144: Pull complete
a4ad33703fa8: Pull complete
f7a5433ce20d: Pull complete
3dcd2a278b4a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:32f9d9a069f7a735e28fd44ea944d53c61f990ba71460c5c183e610854ca4854
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f 9cfcce23593a #可以写容器id和容器name
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id #删除多个容器
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的容器
容器命令
新建容器并启动
[root@localhost /]# docker pull centos
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat1 tomcat2,用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行 进入容器查看内容
-p
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-p 随机指定端口
#测试
[root@localhost /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@9a2366039d94 /]# ls #查看容器内的centos
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@9a2366039d94 /]# exit #从容器退出
exit
[root@localhost /]# Ctrl+p+q #容器不停止退出
列出所有的运行的容器
#docker ps
#列出当前正在运行的容器
-a #列出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
-n=? #显示最近创建过的容器
-q #只显示容器的编号
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9a2366039d94 centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago brave_ellis
3ba0098333eb bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago boring_villani
删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定的容器
docker rm -f $(docker images -aq) #删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有容器
启动和停止容器
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止容器
docker kill 容器id #停止容器
常用命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名!
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
1f8d666a521722368cda35dbe7f56f3b46216ea32bd59819a03affa445357269
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]#
#问题 docker ps 发现centos停止了
#docker容器使用后台运行 容器中必须要有一个前台进程,如果docker发现没有，就会自动停止
查看日志
# 显示日志
-tf #显示日志
--tail #显示日志条数
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 0ef56c3b0827
查看容器中进程信息
# docker top 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 718891259ec5
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 44346 44327 0 20:37 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
查看镜像的元数据
# docker inspect 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 718891259ec5
[
{
"Id": "718891259ec5623c1a0969e160433fef56f54b53a78eab71954dd37ff4a682bb",
"Created": "2020-06-19T12:37:59.121676336Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 44346,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-06-19T12:38:00.670251197Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/718891259ec5623c1a0969e160433fef56f54b53a78eab71954dd37ff4a682bb/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/718891259ec5623c1a0969e160433fef56f54b53a78eab71954dd37ff4a682bb/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/718891259ec5623c1a0969e160433fef56f54b53a78eab71954dd37ff4a682bb/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/718891259ec5623c1a0969e160433fef56f54b53a78eab71954dd37ff4a682bb/718891259ec5623c1a0969e160433fef56f54b53a78eab71954dd37ff4a682bb-json.log",
"Name": "/ecstatic_shaw",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/023249bbfd4df4b3f0dcbc9be7ca09d187f71ed0bc5059ce525e58aca1adf1ae-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08a0e1d413960f76d1f62861f7ec8641eec1789495f2199397ad63f853d775b9/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/023249bbfd4df4b3f0dcbc9be7ca09d187f71ed0bc5059ce525e58aca1adf1ae/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/023249bbfd4df4b3f0dcbc9be7ca09d187f71ed0bc5059ce525e58aca1adf1ae/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/023249bbfd4df4b3f0dcbc9be7ca09d187f71ed0bc5059ce525e58aca1adf1ae/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "718891259ec5",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "e95fd62687e905550f2052f80362370f565d1e201cc2d37c45ba4dcc4f9975aa",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/e95fd62687e9",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "d3b1128ead012a85991473f2353d2b37e4f68a34f6eab5e05e240b1da1f5c2c4",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "5bc82b228aae9d7965bd8db477b3d0e89a96195c68746ce1577852e3c7d6891c",
"EndpointID": "d3b1128ead012a85991473f2353d2b37e4f68a34f6eab5e05e240b1da1f5c2c4",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
docker exec -it 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it e4026153e96b /bin/bash
[root@e4026153e96b /]# ps -aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.1 12008 2104 pts/0 Ss+ 12:36 0:00 /bin/bash
root 14 0.0 0.1 12008 1948 pts/1 Ss+ 13:41 0:00 /bin/sh
root 20 0.0 0.0 12008 1684 pts/2 Ss+ 13:42 0:00 /bin/sh
root 25 0.3 0.1 12008 2108 pts/3 Ss 13:42 0:00 /bin/bash
root 38 0.0 0.1 47496 2060 pts/3 R+ 13:42 0:00 ps -aux
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
docker attach e4026153e96b
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端在里面操作
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端 不会启动新的进程
从容器内拷贝东西到宿主机
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach e4026153e96b
[root@e4026153e96b /]# echo 123 >a.txt
[root@e4026153e96b /]# echo 123 a.txtread escape sequence
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg initial-setup-ks.cfg
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp e4026153e96b:/a.txt ./
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg a.txt initial-setup-ks.cfg
[root@localhost ~]# more a.txt
123